Healthcare System for International Students in the UK
Your guide to understanding and accessing the UK healthcare system as an international student, including NHS registration, emergency services, and mental health support.
Student Details
Emergency Number:
999 or 111*
*Call 111 for non-life-threatening emergencies
Prescriptions
NHS 111
Register with a GP as soon as possible after arriving in the UK
The UK Healthcare System
The UK's National Health Service (NHS) is a comprehensive public healthcare system that provides a wide range of medical services. As an international student in the UK, understanding how to access and navigate this system is essential for maintaining your health and wellbeing during your studies. The NHS operates slightly differently across England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, but the core services remain consistent.
The NHS provides free or subsidized healthcare at the point of use for eligible residents, including qualified international students. Core NHS services include primary care through General Practitioners (GPs), emergency services, hospital treatment, sexual health services, and mental health support. After paying the Immigration Health Surcharge as part of your visa application, you'll have the same access to NHS services as UK residents.
While the NHS covers most healthcare needs, some students opt for additional private health insurance. Private healthcare typically offers shorter waiting times, more comfortable facilities, and greater choice of specialists. Even with NHS coverage, you might consider additional insurance for dental care, optical services, or for coverage during travel outside the UK. Private healthcare is available but can be expensive without insurance.
Primary Care
Your first point of contact for healthcare needs. This includes GP practices, pharmacies, dentists, and opticians. Most medical issues are addressed at this level. GPs coordinate your care and will refer you to other services if needed.
Secondary Care
Specialist medical care, usually in hospitals. You'll generally need a referral from your GP to access these services, except in emergencies. This includes outpatient consultations, day surgery procedures, and hospital admissions for more serious conditions.
Emergency Services
Accident & Emergency (A&E) departments in hospitals provide 24-hour care for serious injuries and illnesses. For urgent but non-life-threatening situations, you can call NHS 111 for advice. Call 999 in life-threatening emergencies to request an ambulance.
International students on courses longer than six months are eligible for NHS care after paying the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS):
- Immigration Health Surcharge: Currently £470 per year of your visa, paid during your visa application
- Course Length: Students on courses lasting less than six months (without IHS payment) should arrange private health insurance
- Dependants: Family members who are dependants on your visa must also pay the surcharge individually
After paying the IHS, you'll have access to these NHS services free of charge:
- GP consultations: Appointments with doctors for medical advice, diagnoses, and basic treatments
- Hospital treatment: Both outpatient and inpatient services when referred by your GP
- Emergency care: A&E services and ambulance transport in emergencies
- Mental health services: Access to mental health support through your GP or university
Note that some services like prescriptions, dental treatment, and eye tests may still require payment even after paying the IHS. The costs and exemptions vary across England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
Regional Variations
Registering with a GP and Accessing Services
One of the first things you should do after arriving in the UK is to register with a local General Practitioner (GP). A GP is your first point of contact for non-emergency healthcare needs and the gateway to all other NHS services. GPs are community-based doctors who diagnose and treat common illnesses, provide health advice, and can refer you to specialist services when necessary.
Find a Local GP Practice
Your university may have its own health center or recommend nearby GP practices. Alternatively, use the NHS website's "Find a GP" service to locate surgeries near your accommodation. Look for practices accepting new patients, and ideally choose one within walking distance from where you live.
Complete Registration Forms
Visit the GP practice in person to collect registration forms or check if they offer online registration. You'll need to complete a GMS1 form (Family Doctor Services Registration Form) and possibly a New Patient Questionnaire about your medical history. Some practices may also ask you to book a new patient health check.
Prepare Required Documents
When registering, bring your passport, BRP/eVisa details, proof of address (such as a tenancy agreement or utility bill), and student ID or university enrollment letter. Make it clear that you're an international student who has paid the Immigration Health Surcharge and wish to register as an NHS patient.
Attend Registration Appointment
Some practices will ask you to attend a registration appointment or health check with a practice nurse or healthcare assistant. This typically involves checking your height, weight, and blood pressure, and discussing any pre-existing medical conditions or medications you take.
Receive NHS Number
After registering, you'll receive an NHS number, which is a unique 10-digit identifier for all your healthcare records in the UK. Keep this number safe as you'll need it when accessing other NHS services. You might receive it by post or during a follow-up appointment.
Learn How to Access Services
Familiarize yourself with how to book appointments, request prescriptions, and access after-hours care. Most GP practices offer appointments via phone, online, or through an app. For urgent but non-emergency advice when your GP is closed, call NHS 111, a 24-hour helpline staffed by trained professionals.
Essential Documents:
- Passport: Your current valid passport for identification
- Visa/BRP/eVisa: Your immigration documentation proving legal residence
- Proof of Address: Tenancy agreement, university accommodation letter, or utility bill
- Student Status: Student ID card or enrollment letter from your university
Additional Helpful Information:
- Previous Medical Records: Bring any relevant medical records or vaccination history if available
- Current Medications: List of any medications you're currently taking
- Medical Conditions: Information about any pre-existing medical conditions
- UK Contact Information: Your UK phone number and email address
Specialist Referrals
In the UK's healthcare system, your GP acts as a gatekeeper to specialist services. If your GP determines you need to see a specialist, they will refer you to the appropriate hospital department or specialist clinic. This referral process ensures you see the right specialist for your condition and helps manage NHS resources efficiently. For non-urgent referrals, you may need to wait several weeks for an appointment.
Self-Referral Services
Some services allow self-referral without going through your GP, including sexual health services, mental health services (in some areas), and physiotherapy (in some areas). Your university may also offer direct access to mental health support and counseling services that don't require GP referral. Additionally, dentists and opticians typically don't require GP referrals - you can contact them directly.
University Health Services
Many universities offer comprehensive health services specifically for students, including GP practices, mental health support, sexual health advice, and wellbeing programs. These services are designed with students in mind and often provide more accessible appointment times and specialized support for international students. Check your university's website or student services portal for information about available healthcare resources.
Important Tips
Emergency Services and Urgent Care
Knowing how to access emergency medical care is essential for international students in the UK. The NHS provides various emergency and urgent care services based on the severity of your condition. Understanding what service to use in different situations will ensure you receive appropriate care quickly while avoiding unnecessary strain on emergency resources.
Emergency Services
For life-threatening emergencies only. Connects to ambulance, police, or fire services. Free to call from any phone.
NHS Non-Emergency
For urgent but non-life-threatening health concerns. Available 24/7 for advice from trained health professionals.
Your GP's After-Hours Number
Most GP practices have an out-of-hours service or recorded message with instructions for urgent care outside regular hours.
University Emergency Contacts
Your university may have its own emergency number for on-campus incidents or security services that can assist with medical emergencies.
| Service | When to Use | What to Expect |
|---|---|---|
A&E (Accident & Emergency) | Life-threatening emergencies such as:
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Urgent Treatment Centres / Walk-in Centres | Urgent but not life-threatening conditions:
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NHS 111 Service | When you need advice but are unsure what to do:
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GP Practice | For non-urgent health concerns:
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Pharmacy (Chemist) | For minor health concerns:
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Free A&E Services
Accident and Emergency services are free for everyone in the UK, regardless of nationality or immigration status. This includes initial emergency treatment and ambulance services. You don't need to have paid the Immigration Health Surcharge to access emergency care.
Follow-up Treatment
While emergency care itself is free, follow-up or inpatient treatment may incur charges if you haven't paid the Immigration Health Surcharge. International students on courses longer than 6 months who have paid the IHS will receive all follow-up care for free. If you're on a short course and haven't paid the IHS, make sure you have private medical insurance.
Other Urgent Services
NHS 111 telephone service is free for everyone. Urgent Treatment Centres and Walk-in Centres are free if you've paid the Immigration Health Surcharge but may charge if you haven't. If in doubt about costs, always ask before receiving treatment, or call NHS 111 for advice on accessing appropriate care.
Remember
Prescriptions and Medication
Understanding how to access medications and handle prescriptions in the UK is an important part of managing your health as an international student. The UK has strict regulations regarding medications, and how you obtain them depends on whether they're available over-the-counter or require a prescription from a healthcare professional.
Getting a Prescription
In the UK, only qualified healthcare professionals (GPs, hospital doctors, dentists, and some nurses) can prescribe medications. The most common process is to see your GP who will write a prescription if medication is needed. For certain ongoing medications, you can request repeat prescriptions without a new appointment.
Filling a Prescription
Take your prescription to any pharmacy (also called chemists) to get your medication. Many GP practices now use electronic prescriptions sent directly to your nominated pharmacy, eliminating the need for paper forms. You can specify a preferred pharmacy when registering with your GP or through the NHS app.
Repeat Prescriptions
For long-term medications, you can request repeat prescriptions without seeing your GP each time. This can usually be done online through your GP practice's website, the NHS app, by phone, or by dropping off a repeat prescription slip at your GP practice. You typically need to request repeats 5-7 days before you run out.
Standard Costs
England
£9.65 per prescription item (as of April 2023). If you need multiple prescriptions regularly, you may save money with a Prescription Prepayment Certificate (PPC).
Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland
Prescriptions are free of charge for everyone, regardless of nationality or status.
Exemptions (England only)
In England, certain groups are exempt from prescription charges:
- People aged 60 or over and under 16 (or under 19 if in full-time education)
- Pregnant women and those who have had a baby in the last 12 months
- People with certain medical conditions (with a valid medical exemption certificate)
- People receiving certain benefits, including Universal Credit in some circumstances
International students typically aren't exempt unless they fit into one of these categories.
Prescription Prepayment Certificates (PPC)
If you need multiple regular prescriptions in England, a PPC can save you money. A 3-month PPC costs £31.25 and a 12-month PPC costs £111.60 (as of 2023). This covers all your prescription costs for that period, no matter how many items you need. You can apply online through the NHS website.
If you take regular medication, it's important to understand the UK's regulations about bringing medicines into the country:
Quantity Restrictions
You can bring up to a 3-month supply of prescription medication for personal use. For longer stays, you'll need to register with a GP and get a UK prescription for continued treatment.
Required Documentation
Carry a doctor's letter or prescription clearly stating what medication you're bringing, what it's for, and the dosage. Keep medications in their original, labeled containers.
Controlled Substances
Bringing certain medications containing controlled drugs (such as strong painkillers, sleeping pills, or medications for ADHD) requires additional paperwork. Check the UK government website for details about personal licenses.
Alternative Medications
Be aware that medications available in your home country might have different names, dosages, or even be unavailable in the UK. Before arriving, research UK equivalents or alternatives for your medication and discuss with your GP upon registration.
Over-the-Counter Medications
Many common medications for minor ailments (painkillers, cold remedies, antihistamines) are available without prescription from pharmacies and supermarkets. Pharmacists can also recommend appropriate over-the-counter treatments for minor health issues.
NHS App
Download the free NHS App to manage your prescriptions, book GP appointments, and access your health records. It's a convenient way to order repeat prescriptions and have them delivered to your home or collected from your local pharmacy.
Generic Medicines
In the UK, medicines are often prescribed by their generic name (active ingredient) rather than brand names. Generic medications are equally effective but typically less expensive. Don't be concerned if your medication looks different from what you're used to.
Mental Health Support
Studying abroad can be both exciting and challenging. Many international students experience stress, homesickness, culture shock, or other mental health concerns during their time in the UK. Recognizing the importance of mental wellbeing, the UK offers various mental health support services for international students, both through universities and the NHS.
Most UK universities prioritize student mental health and offer comprehensive support services:
Counselling Services
Free confidential counselling sessions with trained professionals. These can be short-term or ongoing and may be available in-person or online. Counsellors are experienced in working with international students and understand cultural differences in approaching mental health.
Support Groups
Many universities offer peer support groups specifically for international students or for particular mental health concerns. These provide a safe space to share experiences and coping strategies with others who understand what you're going through.
Wellbeing Workshops
Universities often run workshops and courses on managing stress, building resilience, improving sleep, mindfulness, and other wellbeing topics. These can provide practical skills for managing your mental health while studying.
International Student Advisors
Specialized advisors who understand the unique challenges faced by international students. They can provide culturally sensitive support and help you navigate the UK mental health system, including assisting with referrals to appropriate services.
Accessing University Services
As an international student who has paid the Immigration Health Surcharge, you have the same access to NHS mental health services as UK residents:
GP Services
Your GP is the first point of contact for NHS mental health support. They can provide initial assessment, prescribe medication if appropriate, and refer you to specialist mental health services if needed. When booking your appointment, you can request a doctor with experience in mental health.
Talking Therapies (IAPT)
The NHS offers free psychological therapies through the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) program. These include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), counselling, and guided self-help for depression, anxiety, and stress. In many areas, you can self-refer to these services without seeing your GP first through the NHS website.
Community Mental Health Teams
For more severe or complex mental health conditions, your GP may refer you to a Community Mental Health Team. These multidisciplinary teams include psychiatrists, psychologists, mental health nurses, and social workers who can provide specialized care and support.
Important Notes About NHS Mental Health Services
- Waiting times for NHS mental health services can be long, especially for specialized care
- Some therapies and services may have limited availability in certain areas
- If you need urgent support, don't wait for a referral - use the crisis services listed below
- Consider using university services alongside NHS options for more immediate support
Samaritans
Call 116 123 (free, 24/7) for confidential emotional support for anyone in distress or despair.
Visit WebsiteNHS Mental Health Crisis Line
Call 111, select the mental health option. Available 24/7 for urgent mental health support.
Emergency Services
Call 999 or go to A&E if you or someone else is at immediate risk of harm or suicide.
Online Resources
- Student Minds - UK's student mental health charity
- NHS Mental Health - Official NHS mental health resources
- Mind - Mental health charity with comprehensive information
Mental Health Apps
Several NHS-approved apps provide mental health support:
- Calm - Meditation and sleep tools
- Headspace - Mindfulness and stress reduction
- Woebot - AI chatbot for CBT techniques
Cultural Support
Resources that understand cultural perspectives on mental health:
- Nafsiyat Intercultural Therapy Centre
- BAMEStream - Support for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic communities
Private Therapy Options
If you prefer private therapy or need more immediate support than NHS services can provide, several options exist:
- British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy - Find accredited therapists
- Psychology Today - Therapist directory with cultural specialties
Prevention is just as important as treatment. Here are some ways to maintain good mental health while studying in the UK:
Stay Connected
Join student societies, maintain contact with friends and family back home, and build a support network in the UK.
Physical Activity
Regular exercise can significantly improve your mood and reduce anxiety and stress. Most universities offer free or discounted gym access.
Mental Wellness Practices
Try mindfulness meditation, journaling, or yoga. Many universities offer free mindfulness courses or apps.
Maintain Balance
Ensure you have a healthy study-life balance. Schedule regular breaks and make time for activities you enjoy.
Recognize Warning Signs
Learn to identify when you're feeling overwhelmed and seek help early rather than waiting for a crisis.
Don't Hesitate to Seek Help
Remember that seeking support is a sign of strength, not weakness. UK universities welcome and encourage students to use their mental health services.
Health Insurance and Costs
Understanding the financial aspects of healthcare in the UK is essential for international students to make informed decisions about their medical care. While the NHS provides comprehensive coverage for those who have paid the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS), there are still costs to consider and situations where additional private insurance might be beneficial.
What is the IHS?
The Immigration Health Surcharge is a fee that most non-EEA international students must pay as part of their visa application to access NHS services in the UK. It's designed to ensure that temporary migrants contribute to the cost of healthcare services they may use during their stay.
Current IHS Rates (2025)
Who needs to pay?
- Student visa holders: All international students applying for a visa for 6+ months
- Dependants: Family members on dependent visas must pay separately
- Visa extensions: If extending your stay, you'll need to pay again
Exemptions
- Short courses: Students on courses less than 6 months (but these students must arrange private insurance)
- Visitors: Those on visitor visas (but must pay for most NHS services)
- EU Settlement Scheme: Those with settled or pre-settled status
Important Note
Fully Covered Services
- GP consultations and services
- Hospital treatment and care (inpatient and outpatient)
- Emergency care and ambulance services
- Specialist referrals from your GP
- Mental health services
- Sexual health services and contraception
- Maternity care and routine screenings
- Treatment for pre-existing conditions
Partially Covered / Additional Costs
- Prescriptions: £9.65 per item in England (free in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland)
- Dental treatment: Subsidized rates ranging from £23.80 to £282.80 depending on treatment complexity
- Eye tests and glasses: Eye tests cost around £20-30; glasses/contacts are at your own expense
- Vaccination for travel: Travel vaccines not available free on NHS
- Missed appointments: Some services may charge for missed appointments
Not Covered
- Treatment abroad: NHS coverage does not extend outside of the UK
- Repatriation costs: Transport back to your home country in case of serious illness
- Elective procedures: Cosmetic surgery and other non-medically necessary treatments
- Private hospital rooms: Unless medically necessary
- Some physiotherapy: Not all physical therapy is covered
HC2 Certificate for Additional Financial Support
If you're on a low income, you may qualify for an HC2 certificate through the NHS Low Income Scheme, which provides help with health costs including free prescriptions, dental treatment, eye tests, and glasses. As a student with limited income, you could be eligible. Apply using form HC1, available from your university welfare office, GP surgeries, or hospitals.
While the NHS provides comprehensive healthcare coverage, some international students choose to take out additional private health insurance for various reasons. Here's what you need to know about private insurance options in the UK:
When to Consider Private Insurance
- Short courses: If your course is less than 6 months and you don't pay the IHS
- Faster access to specialists: To avoid NHS waiting times for non-emergency treatments
- Enhanced services: For private hospital rooms, greater choice of specialists, or more appointment flexibility
- Dental and optical cover: To reduce costs of these partially covered services
- Travel coverage: For travel outside the UK during your studies
- Repatriation costs: In case you need to be transported home due to serious illness
Types of Insurance Policies
Comprehensive International Student Policies
Designed specifically for international students, covering NHS gaps, travel, personal belongings, and sometimes family visits. Often available through your university's recommended providers.
UK Private Medical Insurance
Provides faster access to specialists, private hospital rooms, and broader treatment options. These tend to be more expensive but offer the highest level of private care.
Travel Insurance with Medical Coverage
Covers you when traveling outside the UK and sometimes offers limited medical coverage within the UK. A good option for students who plan to travel during breaks.
Dental and Optical Plans
Specialized insurance for dental and eye care, which can help manage costs not fully covered by the NHS.
Cost of Private Insurance
Private health insurance costs vary widely depending on your age, coverage level, and any pre-existing conditions. For basic international student coverage, expect to pay approximately £300-600 per year. Comprehensive UK private medical insurance typically costs £800-1,500 per year for young adults with no pre-existing conditions. Some universities offer discounted group rates through partner insurance providers, so check with your university's international office.
Important Insurance Considerations
| Service | England | Scotland | Wales | Northern Ireland |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Prescriptions | £9.65 per item | Free | Free | Free |
Dental Check-up | £23.80 | £5.78 - £15.90 | £14.70 | £3.93 - £11.03 |
Eye Test | £20-£30 | Free | Partially subsidized | Partially subsidized |
GP Registration | Free | Free | Free | Free |
Emergency Care | Free | Free | Free | Free |
Note: All costs are approximate and subject to change. Dental costs in particular vary based on the specific treatment needed. Students in Scotland often receive the most comprehensive free services, while students in England typically face the highest charges for prescriptions and certain other services.
- Prepayment Certificate: If you need more than 11 prescription items in a year in England, get a Prescription Prepayment Certificate to save money
- Student Discounts: Many opticians offer student discounts on eye tests and glasses
- HC1 Form: Apply for help with health costs through the NHS Low Income Scheme
- University Services: Use free health services provided by your university when possible
- Generic Medications: Ask your GP for generic rather than branded medications to reduce prescription costs
Healthcare FAQs
Find answers to common questions about healthcare for international students in the UK. We've addressed the most frequently asked questions to help you navigate the UK healthcare system with confidence.
If you have questions not covered in this guide, these resources can provide further assistance:
University Resources
- Your university's international student office
- University health center or medical practice
- Student union advice services
Related Resources & Links
Related Guides
Pro Tips
- Register with a GP within your first week in the UK, even if you're perfectly healthy
- Download the NHS App to book appointments, order repeat prescriptions, and view your health record
- Save important health numbers in your phone: NHS 111, local GP, and university health service
- For mental health support, check if your university offers free counseling before seeking NHS services
- In England, get a Prescription Prepayment Certificate if you need more than 11 prescription items per year
- Keep electronic copies of important medical documents from your home country translated into English
- For non-emergency issues outside GP hours, use pharmacy services before visiting A&E
- Register with a dentist as soon as possible - NHS dental appointments can have long waiting lists
- If you travel within Europe during breaks, get travel insurance with healthcare coverage
- Use pharmacists for minor health concerns - they can recommend treatments without a GP visit
Need help navigating the UK healthcare system?
Qogent's advisors can assist you with healthcare registration and access for your time as a student in the UK.
Talk to an Advisor