Student Status Maintenance & Extensions
Your step-by-step guide to maintaining, extending, or changing your immigration status as an international student in the USA.
F-1 STUDENT STATUS DOCUMENT
Category: F-1 OPT
USCIS#: 000-000-000
Valid from: 07/01/2025
Expires: 06/30/2026
SEVIS ID: N0000000000
Status: F-1
Program: Master's in Computer Science
School: University of America
Maintaining valid F-1 status requires proactive management of your I-20, SEVIS record, and employment authorization
What is Student Status Maintenance?
Unlike many countries that issue physical residence permits, the United States manages international students' legal status through digital records in the SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System). Your F-1 or J-1 student status serves as your authorization to remain in the country and must be actively maintained throughout your academic program.
Status vs. Visa
Entry document stamped in your passport
Only needed to enter the country
Can expire while in the U.S. without affecting status
Your legal authorization to stay and study
Must be maintained continuously
Linked to I-20 document and SEVIS record
SEVIS Record
Your SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System) record is the electronic record maintained by the Department of Homeland Security that tracks your status as an F-1 student. This record contains:
Your personal information and current address
Your academic program details and end date
Your enrollment status and work authorizations
Any authorized employment or practical training
Key Status Documents
Form I-20
Certificate of Eligibility issued by your school's DSO (Designated School Official). This document lists your program details, funding, and SEVIS ID. Must be signed by you and your DSO.
I-94 Record
Arrival/Departure record issued by Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Shows your entry date, status (F-1), and "Admit Until Date" (usually listed as "D/S" or "Duration of Status").
Enrollment Verification
Documentation from your school showing your full-time enrollment (typically 12 credits for undergraduates, 9 for graduates).
Academic Transcript
Shows your academic progress and course load, which helps verify that you're making satisfactory progress in your program.
Status Violations to Avoid
Dropping below full-time enrollment without prior DSO authorization
Working without proper authorization (on or off campus)
Failing to report address changes within 10 days
Allowing your I-20 to expire without extension
Exceeding the unemployment period during OPT (90 days, or 150 days for STEM OPT)
Core F-1 Status Requirements
Maintain Full Course Load
Stay enrolled in a full course of study (typically 12 credit hours for undergraduates, 9 for graduates) unless you have an approved reduced course load from your DSO.
Make Academic Progress
Maintain satisfactory academic progress toward completing your program within the timeframe listed on your I-20.
Keep Address Current
Report any address changes to your DSO within 10 days of moving. This includes local and permanent addresses.
Maintain Valid Documents
Keep your passport, I-20, and other immigration documents valid at all times. Request I-20 extensions before the expiration date.
Work Restrictions
Only work with proper authorization. On-campus work is limited to 20 hours/week while school is in session. Off-campus work requires specific authorization (CPT, OPT, or severe economic hardship).
Travel Documentation
Before international travel, ensure your I-20 is signed for travel within the last year, and your F-1 visa is valid for re-entry. Consult with your DSO before any international trips.
Regular Check-ins with Your DSO
Your Designated School Official (DSO) is your primary resource for maintaining status. Schedule regular check-ins, especially before major changes (changing majors, planning for OPT, travel, etc.).
When and How to Apply
Timing is critical when applying for F-1 status extensions, Optional Practical Training (OPT), or other status-related changes. Missing application windows can result in status violations, loss of work authorization, or the need to depart the United States.
Key Application Timeframes
Post-Completion OPT
- 1
Earliest application date
90 days before your program end date
- 2
Latest application date
60 days after your program end date
- 3
DSO recommendation timeframe
Must apply within 30 days of DSO entering OPT recommendation in SEVIS
STEM OPT Extension
- 1
Earliest application date
90 days before your current OPT expires
- 2
DSO recommendation timeframe
Must apply within 60 days of DSO entering STEM OPT recommendation in SEVIS
- 3
180-day extension
If filed before current OPT expires, work authorization automatically extends for 180 days while pending
Application Types & Procedures
Post-Completion OPT
Request DSO Recommendation
Meet with your DSO and request an OPT recommendation. They will update your SEVIS record and issue a new I-20.
File Form I-765
File Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization) with USCIS along with required documents. Use code (c)(3)(B) for post-completion OPT.
Processing Time
USCIS typically takes 90-120 days to process OPT applications. You cannot begin working until you receive your EAD card.
STEM OPT Extension (Additional 24 months)
Complete Form I-983 Training Plan
Work with your employer to complete and sign Form I-983 (Training Plan for STEM OPT Students)
E-Verify Requirement
Your employer must be enrolled in E-Verify and provide their E-Verify Company ID number
Submit to DSO & File I-765
Submit I-983 to your DSO, get a new I-20, then file Form I-765 with USCIS. Use code (c)(3)(C) for STEM OPT.
Program Extension
Apply Before End Date
Must apply before your current I-20 program end date. Extensions after the end date are not possible.
Valid Reasons
Need compelling academic or medical reasons (documented). Simply needing more time is generally not enough.
Unemployment Restrictions
On post-completion OPT, you may be unemployed for a maximum of 90 days. With a STEM OPT extension, you get an additional 60 days (for a total of 150 days across your entire OPT period). Exceeding these limits is a status violation.
OPT Timeline Visualization
Program Start
F-1 status begins, maintain full-time enrollment
OPT Application Window Opens
90 days before program end date
Program End Date
Completion of degree requirements
60-Day Grace Period
OPT application deadline, or must depart US
OPT End Date
12 months after OPT start date (or 36 months with STEM extension)
Stay Informed
Immigration regulations can change. Check Study in the States and consult your DSO regularly for the most current information.
Required Documents
Preparing the correct documentation is critical for all F-1 status-related applications. Documents must be complete, accurate, and submitted in the specified format to avoid delays or denials. The requirements vary based on the type of application.
Post-Completion OPT
Form I-765
Application for Employment Authorization. Use eligibility category (c)(3)(B) for post-completion OPT
Form I-20 with OPT Recommendation
New I-20 endorsed by your DSO within last 30 days with OPT recommendation
Photos
Two recent passport-style color photos (2"×2") on white background, meet government specifications
Passport & I-94
Copy of passport biographical page, F-1 visa, and I-94 record (retrieve at i94.cbp.dhs.gov)
Application Fee
Payment as required with application (check USCIS website for current fee)
Previous EAD Cards (if any)
Copies of any previously issued EAD cards
STEM OPT Extension
Form I-765
Use eligibility category (c)(3)(C) for STEM OPT extension
Form I-20 with STEM OPT Recommendation
New I-20 endorsed by your DSO within last 60 days with STEM OPT recommendation
STEM Degree Evidence
Copy of your STEM degree or official transcript showing degree completion
Form I-983 Training Plan
Completed and signed by both you and your employer
Employer E-Verify Evidence
E-Verify Company ID number or valid E-Verify Client Company ID number
Photos & Current EAD
Two current passport photos & copy of your current OPT EAD card
Program/I-20 Extension
Academic Advisor Letter
Letter explaining legitimate academic reasons for program extension
Updated Academic Plan
Documentation showing remaining coursework and anticipated completion date
Financial Documents
Proof of sufficient funds to cover extended period of study
Current I-20 & Passport
Copy of current I-20 and valid passport (must be valid for at least 6 months into the future)
Document Preparation Tips
Make clear photocopies of all documents. All photos should be unmounted and unretouched.
USCIS now requires digital signatures for many forms, so be prepared with electronic signature capability.
Check with your DSO about specific document preparation requirements at your institution.
Change of Status Documentation
If you need to change from one non-immigrant status to another (e.g., H-4 to F-1), additional documentation is typically required:
Required Forms
- Form I-539, Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status
- I-20 from the school you plan to attend
- Proof of payment of the SEVIS I-901 fee
Supporting Documents
- Evidence of financial support for your intended period of study
- Copy of admission letter from your school
- Documentation showing your current valid status
Keep Copies of Everything
Make copies of your entire application package before submission. This is critical for tracking your application, responding to Requests for Evidence (RFEs), and maintaining records for future immigration proceedings.
Application Process Steps
Each type of status-related application follows a specific process. Understanding these steps will help you navigate the application process efficiently and avoid delays or denials. The following outlines the key processes for OPT applications, program extensions, and status changes.
OPT Application Process
DSO Recommendation
Meet with your DSO to request OPT. Be prepared to discuss your desired OPT start and end dates. For post-completion OPT, your start date must be within 60 days after your program end date.
- • Academic transcript
- • Expected program completion date
- • Proposed OPT start/end dates
Your DSO will update your SEVIS record and issue a new I-20 with OPT recommendation. File the I-765 within 30 days of the DSO recommendation date on your I-20.
Receive New I-20 with Recommendation
Your DSO will update your SEVIS record and issue a new I-20 with the OPT recommendation. Review this I-20 carefully to ensure all information is correct, then sign and date it.
Prepare and Submit I-765
Complete Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization). For post-completion OPT, use eligibility code (c)(3)(B). For STEM OPT extension, use code (c)(3)(C). Submit form with all required documents to USCIS.
- • Completed Form I-765
- • I-765 application fee
- • Two passport-style photos
- • Copy of I-20 with OPT recommendation
- • Copy of passport ID page
- • Copy of F-1 visa (if applicable)
- • Copy of I-94 record
- • Copies of previous EADs (if any)
- • Receipt notice (2-3 weeks)
- • Biometrics (if required)
- • Possible RFE (Request for Evidence)
- • Final decision (90-120 days total)
Track Application & Receive EAD
After receiving your receipt notice, track your application status using the USCIS case tracking system. Once approved, you'll receive your EAD card (work permit) by mail. You cannot begin working until you have the physical EAD card in hand.
Reporting Requirements During OPT
Once your OPT is approved, you have ongoing reporting requirements. You must report to your DSO within 10 days of any changes to your name, address, employer information, or employment status.
- • Maximum 90 days of unemployment allowed during 12-month OPT
- • Maximum 150 days total unemployment during OPT + STEM OPT
- • Employment must be directly related to your field of study
- • For STEM OPT: Complete 6-month and 12-month evaluations on Form I-983
Program Extension Process
Before Expiration
You must apply for a program extension before your current I-20 expires. If your I-20 has already expired, you've fallen out of status and must apply for reinstatement, which is a more complex process.
Extensions cannot be granted after your I-20 end date has passed.
Valid Reasons Required
Extensions are only granted for legitimate academic or medical reasons, such as:
- Changes in research focus or thesis topic
- Unexpected research problems
- Documented illness or medical condition
Extension Process
- 1Meet with academic advisor to obtain a letter/form recommending extension
- 2Prepare updated financial documents showing funding for extended period
- 3Submit extension request to DSO with supporting documentation
- 4Receive new I-20 with updated program end date
Change of Status Process
| Change Type | Process | Key Considerations |
|---|---|---|
F-1 to H-1B | Employer files I-129 petition. If approved before OPT ends, status automatically changes to H-1B on the effective date. | Eligible for cap-gap extension if H-1B is filed while on OPT |
F-1 to F-2 | File Form I-539 to change from F-1 (student) to F-2 (dependent of F-1 student). Common when marrying an F-1 student. | Cannot study full-time or work on F-2 status |
Other to F-1 | Get I-20 from school, pay SEVIS fee, then file I-539 with USCIS to change to F-1 status. Must maintain current valid status until decision. | Cannot begin studies until approved; consider consular processing as alternative |
Professional Guidance Recommended
Changes of status can be complex and depend on specific circumstances. We strongly recommend consulting with an immigration attorney or your international student advisor for personalized guidance.
Plan Ahead for Processing Times
USCIS processing times vary significantly throughout the year. For OPT applications, apply as early as possible within your eligibility window. For STEM OPT, apply at least 90 days before your current OPT expires to avoid gaps in employment authorization.
Status Maintenance Tips
Maintaining your F-1 status is crucial for your legal stay in the United States. Even minor oversights can have significant consequences. These practical tips will help you navigate the complexities of maintaining your status throughout your academic journey.
Calendar Critical Dates
Create a dedicated calendar for immigration deadlines. Set reminders for I-20 expiration, OPT application windows, and required reporting dates. Add alerts 30, 14, and 7 days before each deadline.
Create a Document Portfolio
Maintain both digital and physical copies of all immigration documents. Scan your passport, visa, I-20s, I-94, and any USCIS correspondence. Store digital copies in secure cloud storage that you can access from anywhere.
Build a Relationship with Your DSO
Schedule regular check-ins with your Designated School Official, even when you don't have pressing issues. They can alert you to upcoming regulatory changes and provide personalized guidance for your situation.
Understand Course Load Requirements
Never drop below full-time enrollment without prior DSO authorization. If you face academic difficulties or medical issues that affect your ability to maintain a full course load, consult your DSO before dropping any classes.
Travel Preparation Checklist
Before international travel, ensure your I-20 is signed for travel within the last year, your F-1 visa is valid for re-entry, and your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your return date. Always carry your EAD card if on OPT.
Address Updates Protocol
Set up a personal protocol for address changes. Create a checklist of all places to update your address (SEVIS, university portal, USCIS, bank, etc.). Remember that SEVIS updates must be completed within 10 days of moving.
Employment Compliance System
If working on-campus or with OPT/CPT authorization, maintain detailed records of your employment. Document start dates, end dates, hours worked per week, and job responsibilities. For OPT, ensure the work is related to your field of study.
Plan for Grace Periods
Understand the 60-day grace period after program completion and the 90/150-day unemployment limits during OPT. Create a timeline for post-graduation plans, whether applying for OPT, transferring to another program, or departing the US.
Stay Informed About Regulations
Subscribe to updates from reputable immigration sources like the USCIS and Study in the States websites. Join international student groups on campus to share information and stay informed about policy changes that might affect your status.
Technology Tools for Status Maintenance
Mobile Apps
- myUSCIS – Official USCIS app for case status updates and appointment scheduling
- i-94 – Access your I-94 record and travel history
- Document scanners – Apps like Adobe Scan or CamScanner for digitizing documents
Online Resources
- Study in the States – Official DHS site with resources and updates for F-1 students
- USCIS Case Status Online – Track your application status in real-time
- OPT Hub – Specialized resources for OPT applicants and participants
Warning: Status Violation Consequences
Violations of F-1 status can lead to serious consequences including loss of legal status, inability to apply for benefits like OPT, possible deportation, and potential bars to re-entry to the United States. Always consult with your DSO before making any decisions that might affect your status.
Common Status Questions
Have More Questions?
Immigration regulations are complex and individual cases may vary. For personalized advice about your specific situation, we recommend:
Contact Your DSO
Your primary resource for F-1 status questions
Consult an Immigration Attorney
For complex situations requiring legal expertise
Useful Links & Next Steps
Maintaining your F-1 status requires staying informed and planning ahead. These resources will help you navigate the US immigration system and connect you with other essential aspects of living in the United States as an international student.
Study in the States
Official DHS resource for international students
USCIS - Students and Exchange Visitors
Official information on student status and work authorization
Healthcare in the USA
Understanding US healthcare system for students
Banking & SIM Setup
Essential financial and communication services
Address Registration
SEVIS address update requirements
USA Post-Arrival Hub
All essential post-arrival information
Your Next Steps
Create a Status Maintenance Calendar
Add key dates including I-20 expiration, OPT application windows, and reporting deadlines. Set reminders at 30, 14, and 7 days before each deadline.
Schedule a Check-In with Your DSO
Make an appointment with your DSO to review your status, discuss your academic plan, and understand any upcoming requirements specific to your program.
Organize Your Immigration Documents
Create both digital and physical copies of all your immigration documents (passport, visa, I-20, I-94). Store digital copies securely in cloud storage and physical copies in a safe place.
Need Assistance with Your Status?
Get expert guidance on maintaining valid status or applying for optional practical training in the USA.
Contact Our Advisors